Other collaborative efforts between colleges and companies or organizations are less common among employers today; nevertheless, majorities of employers express interest in these initiatives:. Across several areas tested, employers strongly endorse educational practices that involve students in active, effortful work—practices that involve such things as collaborative problem solving, research, senior projects, community engagement, and internships.
Even where employers considered particular kinds of knowledge very important or somewhat important e. More than nine in ten of those surveyed say it is important that those they hire demonstrate ethical judgment and integrity, intercultural skills, and the capacity for continued new learning.
More than 75 percent of employers say they want colleges to place more emphasis on helping students develop five key learning outcomes, including critical thinking, complex problem solving, written and oral communication, and applied knowledge in real-world settings. In contrast, no more than 40 percent of employers indicate a desire for colleges to place more emphasis on helping students gain knowledge in areas including global issues, the role of the United States in the world, cultural diversity in America, civics, or democratic institutions and values.
Majorities would rather that colleges maintain their current level of emphasis on these knowledge areas. The only knowledge area in which more than half of employers would like to see colleges place more emphasis is on knowledge about science and technology 56 percent would like to see more emphasis , but it is still a lower priority than active, effortful learning and skills development. When given a description of the component elements of a liberal education, nearly all consider this kind of learning very or fairly important for colleges to provide, and a large majority would recommend this approach to young people they know.
Just 7 percent would not recommend this approach, and 19 percent say it depends. Hart Research Associates is a public opinion research firm. The results presented here are from a survey conducted on behalf of the Association of American Colleges and Universities. To respond to this article, e-mail liberaled aacu. Join our email list. Search form Search. Current Issue. Search Articles by Title. Table of Contents Overview. From the Editor. American Education Second to None? Liberal Education.
By: Hart Research Associates. Overview Innovation is a priority for employers today. Eleven Key findings 1. Previous Issues. See All. Looking to improve faculty retention? This issue explores how a strong mentoring program can make a Read more. Perceptions of the Value of Higher Education. Is a college degree worth it, despite the money and time involved? The answer depends upon whom you Food Banks on Campus.
Amid the pandemic, nearly six in ten students lack basic needs. Students enduring hunger are twice Welcome to the new Liberal Education, a reimagining of the original Liberal Education that Democracy in Action.
Work and the Purpose of College. This issue explores how a liberal education can help prepare students for meaningful careers Community engagement can be confounding. The insights, confrontations, and sobering realities Building a New Liberal Education. This issue of Liberal Education starts off looking at who and where our future students are and Claiming the Narrative: Sharing Our Stories. This issue explores approaches to claiming the narrative about the value of liberal education, with Covering a wide array of topics—democratic engagement between universities and communities; They all have the same job content.
They all are managers. They all have the same vision. Kelly is considered to be what level of management? Ben and Dan are considered to be what level of management? McKenna is considered to be what level of management? Her section has a high project completion rate with the highest-quality product and the lowest defects in her division.
In addition, she accomplishes this with fewer full-time people than other managers. Joe the Manager Scenario As a production supervisor, Joe decides on Friday afternoon how many units of output his employees will be able to produce and on which days certain products will be run in his department.
He also decides which of his employees are going to be responsible for operating which machines within the department next week, as his employees are multi-skilled assemblers.
On Monday, he informs his employees of their assignments to specific machines by handing out assignment sheets. He tells the employees that the schedule is going to be difficult this week due to the increased number of units.
He goes on to tell them that he is sure they can fulfill the schedule because they are such good and skilled employees. Each day during the week, Joe checks the amount of output that the employees have completed and the number of units that have been rejected.
When Joe decides how many units of output his employees will be able to produce and on which days certain products will be run, he is performing which of the management functions? When Joe checks the amount of output that the employees have completed and the number of units that have been rejected, he is performing which of the management functions? When Joe tells the employees that he is sure they can fulfill the schedule because they are such good and skilled employees, he is performing which of the management functions?
He is giving two company tours in the morning: the first to a newspaper reporter who is writing a story on the new plant expansion, and the second to a group of Control Systems managers from the east coast. Next, Don is spending a couple of hours reviewing the trade journals he receives from his high-tech association and writing up a brief synopsis for his presentation next week to the division president.
Finally, in the late afternoon, he will be reviewing the new equipment malfunction and deciding whether to bring in extra people to get the equipment running as soon as possible. Just another day in the glamorous life of a manager. Together, all of the functions that Don performs during his busy day correspond to the management roles discovered in the late s by which one of the following management researchers?
Herzberg b. Skinner c. Mintzberg d. Fayol c; easy; p. When Don conducts the tour for the east coast managers, he will be operating in which of the management roles? What role will Don be performing when he gives the plant tour to the newspaper reporter?
When Don reviews the new equipment malfunction, what management role will he play when deciding whether to bring in extra people? Other times, Michael might meet with the production manager, Betty, and the human resource manager, Joyce, to discuss a complaint filed by one of the employees in a production department.
Michael might also spend time on the Internet looking for new technologies that can be used in the production processes of his plant.
When Michael meets with Betty and Joyce to discuss a complaint filed by one of the employees in a production department, he is performing which management role? When Michael meets with the functional managers to share with them the results of the meeting with city officials or civic leaders, he is performing which management role?
When Michael spends time on the Internet looking for new technologies that can be used in the production processes of his plant, he is performing which management role?
In a short essay, explain how the definition of a manager has changed over time. Provide an example that illustrates the current definition. Answer Managers used to be defined as the organizational members who told others what to do and how to do it. In the past, it was easy to differentiate managers from nonmanagerial employees. Nonmanagers were organizational members who worked directly on a job or task and had no one reporting to them. Managers were those who supervised other employees.
Today, the changing nature of organizations and work has blurred the distinction between managers and nonmanagerial employees. Many traditional nonmanagerial jobs now include managerial activities. Most of the employees at Moose Jaw are cross-trained and multi-skilled.
Within a single shift, an employee can be a team leader, equipment operator, maintenance technician, quality inspector, or improvement planner. Answer a. In addition, like nonmanagerial employees, managers may carry out some duties that do not involve supervising others. In 21 Managers may have their own tasks to accomplish, but they also focus on coordinating the work of others.
In a short essay, describe and provide examples of first-line, middle, and top managers. First-line managers are often called supervisors, but may also be called line managers, office managers, or even foremen. Middle managers include all levels of management between the first-line level and the top level of the organization. These managers manage the work of first-line managers and may have titles such as department head, project leader, plant manager, or division manager.
Top managers are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization. These individuals typically have titles such as executive vice president, president, managing director, chief operating officer, chief executive officer, or chairman of the board. In a short essay, discuss the difference between efficiency and effectiveness and include a specific example to support each concept.
Efficiency refers to getting the most output from the least amount of inputs. Because managers deal with scarce inputs—including resources such as people, money, and equipment—they are concerned with the efficient use of resources.
For instance, at the HON Company plant in Cedartown, Georgia, where employees make and assemble steel and wooden office furniture, efficient manufacturing techniques were implemented by doing things such as cutting inventory levels, decreasing the amount of time to manufacture products, and lowering product reject rates.
Through various work methods and programs, these goals were pursued and achieved. Whereas efficiency is concerned with the means of getting things done, effectiveness is concerned with the ends, or attainment of organizational goals.
In a short essay, list and explain the four basic functions of management. Answer 22 Planning—involves the process of defining goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals, and developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities. They set long-term goals and define strategies to achieve them.
They pay careful attention to the external environment of the organization: the economy, proposals for laws that would affect profits, stakeholder demands, and consumer and public relations. They will make the decisions that affect the whole company such as financial investments, mergers and acquisitions, partnerships and strategic alliances, and changes to the brand or product line of the organization.
Middle managers must be good communicators because they link line managers and top-level management. Middle managers have titles like department head, director, and chief supervisor. They are links between the top managers and the first-line managers and have one or two levels below them. Middle managers receive broad strategic plans from top managers and turn them into operational blueprints with specific objectives and programs for first-line managers. They also encourage, support, and foster talented employees within the organization.
An important function of middle managers is providing leadership, both in implementing top manager directives and in enabling first-line managers to support teams and effectively report both positive performances and obstacles to meeting objectives.
They are directly responsible for making sure that organizational objectives and plans are implemented effectively. Managing the Return The future of work is here. Becoming a Leader What you need to develop, grow, and succeed. Popular Topics Change. Follow this topic. See all topics. Quick, practical management advice to help you do your job better, delivered weekdays.
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