Those without a valid prescription, who might be more inclined to abuse Adderall and take more than the necessary dose, are predisposed to the same known risks as those with a prescription, in addition to the potential for an increased frequency of dose-dependent adverse effects. Concerns related to the purchase of Adderall from rogue online pharmacies are amplified by the marketing characteristics that these pharmacies employ. As evinced in these pharmacies not placing quantity limits on the amount of Adderall for purchase, rogue online pharmacies intend to sell as much of these products as possible.
The sale of Adderall is achieved through varied sales arguments—the appeal to cost-savings, constant customer support, and privacy—that are perhaps the most important for consumers who intend to purchase controlled substances without a prescription.
Rogue online pharmacies appeal to discrete package delivery, protection of patient information, and the use of de-identified forms of payments involving cryptocurrency. These sales arguments, which are designed to lure consumers into purchasing more medications, run counter to reasonable patient care and sensible legislation that aims to protect the public from drugs with abuse and misuse potential. Previous studies comparing prescription drug prices between online and brick-and-mortar pharmacies have had mixed results depending primarily on the drug studied, with several finding lower costs online.
Compared with prices listed on GoodRx, a popular coupon site for patients purchasing medications without insurance, rogue online pharmacy prices, including shipping costs for Adderall IR and Adderall XR, were nearly 5-fold more expensive per unit.
The steep price differential is suggestive of the illegal nature of Adderall purchase without a prescription online. Simply from a cost standpoint, patients with a valid prescription have little incentive to purchase Adderall from a rogue online pharmacy.
This result supports existing literature that among online pharmacies there is a price markup for the purchase of medications without a prescription. Our research showed, however, that rogue online pharmacies often inauthentically claimed registration. Rogue online pharmacies are creative in their methods to bolster reputability. Although there have been numerous efforts to control the groundswell of rogue online pharmacies, our results suggest that these efforts have not been altogether successful.
Operation Pangea, a cooperative effort led by Interpol in conjunction with FDA and DOJ, has led to the removal of thousands of illegitimate online pharmacies.
LegitScript reported helping to close 6, rogue pharmacies in alone. However, illegitimate online pharmacies are challenging to control because they regularly re-emerge. Although the overall Web traffic to rogue online pharmacies in our results was relatively low Figure 2 , this could be suggestive of the methods that rogue online pharmacies use to avoid detection, regularly closing and opening new websites under unique URLs.
These results demonstrate that search engines are not effectively screening for, and removing, rogue online pharmacies from their search results at present. In the absence of efficient methods to regulate and remove rogue online pharmacies, it is imperative that search engines acknowledge the pervasiveness of rogue online pharmacies within their search results and take additional measures of control. Search engines should help lead the effort to create a safer online pharmacy landscape through the generation of search algorithms that select for legitimate online pharmacies.
There were several limitations to our study. We limited our screening to websites owing to feasibility. Given this limitation, numerous online pharmacies remained undetected.
This limited screening yielded only 1 legitimate pharmacy, precluding an in-depth analysis comparing the characteristics of rogue pharmacies with those of legitimate pharmacies. However, we believe that our methodology accurately replicates the behavior of a typical U. Although we were able to assess how many unique visits each online pharmacy received from www.
We did not attempt to purchase Adderall from any of the included online pharmacies. It is therefore unclear whether an order placed with an online pharmacy included in this sample would have resulted in the delivery of Adderall. Without purchasing the product, we also could not test the quality of the medication. However, we believe that the purchase of prescription drugs from rogue online pharmacies is in itself ethically tenuous.
Although we believe that our results are generally applicable to the online pharmacy landscape, given the transient nature of online pharmacies, our results—in terms of particular sites analyzed—are a slice in time, analyzing the sites listed on 4 search engines in the United States from December to February Our study also failed to capture the prevalence of Adderall advertising on social media platforms, which is an emerging market for the advertising and person-to-person sale of controlled substances.
Finally, data collection for our study was conducted before the novel coronavirus disease COVID pandemic, which saw an increase in rogue online pharmacies peddling no-prescription medications, particularly for treatment of COVID Adderall, a controlled substance with high potential for abuse, is readily accessible online without a prescription.
While doing little to ensure patient safety, rogue online pharmacies treat patients as consumers with aggressive marketing tactics. In addition to concerted law enforcement and regulatory efforts to remove these websites, common search engines should make efforts to better select for legitimate online pharmacies, deterring the illegal purchase of Adderall and improving the safety of consumers in the online pharmacy marketplace.
In the meantime, organizations should continue to offer and support efforts to warn consumers of the dangers of illegitimate online pharmacies. Stephen F. Disclosure: The authors declare no relevant conflicts of interest or financial relationships.
National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. J Am Pharm Assoc Published online Sep 7. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer.
Received Apr 15; Accepted Jul Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVIDrelated research that is available on the COVID resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source.
Abstract Objectives Adderall amphetamine-dextroamphetamine is a controlled substance with harmful adverse effects if abused or misused. Design Cross-sectional study. Outcome measures Online pharmacies were categorized as rogue, unclassified, or legitimate on the basis of LegitScript classifications. Also tell them about any supplements you take. Since caffeine, alcohol, the Nicotine from cigarettes, or street drugs can affect the action of many medications, you should let your prescriber know if you use them.
Before you begin using a medication, be sure to inform your doctor of any medical conditions or Allergies you may have, any medications you are taking, whether you are pregnant or breast-feeding, and any other significant facts about your health. These factors may affect how you should use this medication. Behaviour or mood changes: There have been reports of agitation, hallucinations, symptoms of depression, and thoughts of self-harm in people taking Adderall Xr.
If you experience these types of symptoms while taking mixed salts amphetamine, contact your doctor immediately. Bipolar disorder: Adderall Xr may trigger a mixed or manic episode in people with bipolar disorder. If you have a history of bipolar disorder, discuss with your doctor how Adderall Xr may affect your medical condition, how your medical condition may affect the dosing and effectiveness of Adderall Xr, and whether any special monitoring is needed.
Tell your doctor of any new or worsening mental problems while taking Adderall Xr. Blood pressure: Adderall Xr can increase blood pressure and heart rate.
Blood pressure should be monitored at appropriate intervals by your doctor. If you have high blood pressure, heart problems, or you have recently had a heart attack, discuss with your doctor how Adderall Xr may affect your medical condition, how your medical condition may affect the dosing and effectiveness of Adderall Xr, and whether any special monitoring is needed.
Drug dependence: Due to the possibility for some individuals to develop a dependence on amphetamines, people with a history of drug or alcohol dependence should be closely monitored by their doctor while using this medication. Epilepsy : There is some evidence that mixed salts amphetamine may increase the risk of seizures, particularly for people who have had seizures in the past.
If you have a history of seizures, discuss with your doctor how Adderall Xr may affect your medical condition, how your medical condition may affect the dosing and effectiveness of Adderall Xr, and whether any special monitoring is needed.
Exercise: Strenuous exercise may increase the risk of heart problems for people taking mixed salts amphetamine. People participating in strenuous exercise or activities should consult their doctor before taking mixed salts amphetamine extended release. Heart problems: Adderall Xr can increase the risk of sudden death for people with heart problems. If you have heart problems, including an irregular heartbeat, or a family history of sudden death related to heart disease, discuss with your doctor how Adderall Xr may affect your medical condition, how your medical condition may affect the dosing and effectiveness of Adderall Xr, and whether any special monitoring is needed.
This medication should generally not be used by people with known structural heart abnormalities, such as abnormal size, missing or poorly functioning heart valves, or problems with blood vessels connected to the heart. Mental Health: Stimulant medications such as mixed salts amphetamine extended release appear to make behavior and thought disturbances worse for people who have psychotic conditions. They may also cause symptoms of psychosis and mania to develop in people who have not had these symptoms before.
If you experience symptoms such as hallucinations, mania feeling unusually over-excited or uninhibited , or delusional thinking, or notice them in a family member who is taking Adderall Xr contact your doctor as soon as possible. If you have a history of psychosis or other mental illness such as depression, discuss with your doctor how Adderall Xr may affect your medical condition, how your medical condition may affect the dosing and effectiveness of this medication, and whether any special monitoring is needed.
Suicidal or agitated behaviour: People taking Adderall Xr may feel agitated restless, anxious, aggressive, emotional, and feeling not like themselves , or they may want to hurt themselves or others. These symptoms may occur within several weeks after starting Adderall Xr. If you experience these side effects or notice them in a family member who is taking this medication, contact your doctor immediately.
You should be closely monitored by your doctor for emotional and behaviour changes while taking Adderall Xr. Suppression of growth: It is not known if mixed salts amphetamine extended release causes growth suppression in children i. However, this has been reported for children who use stimulants such as mixed salts amphetamine over long periods of time. Children who need long-term treatment should be carefully monitored for growth.
Their doctor may also recommend a "drug holiday," where the medication is not given on weekends or during school holidays. Tics: Adderall Xr may cause tics or worsening of motor or verbal tics. If you have Tourette's Syndrome or develop tics while on Adderall Xr, discuss with your doctor how Adderall Xr may affect your medical condition, how your medical condition may affect the dosing and effectiveness of Adderall Xr, and whether any special monitoring is needed.
Vision problems: Difficulties with vision such as blurring of vision have been reported with stimulant use. If this problem persists, talk to your doctor. Pregnancy: Adderall Xr should not be used during pregnancy unless the benefits outweigh the risks. If you become pregnant while taking Adderall Xr, contact your doctor immediately.
Breast-feeding: Adderall Xr passes into breast milk. If you are a breast-feeding mother and are taking mixed salts amphetamine, it may affect your baby. Talk to your doctor about whether you should continue breast-feeding. Children: The safety and effectiveness of Adderall Xr have not been established for and should not be used by children under 6 years of age. You can buy Adderall XR online at PocketPills if you already have a valid prescription from your doctor.
You can get started by uploading your prescription, ordering a refill by transferring any existing medications to our pharmacy or talking to one of our Canadian Doctors to get an online prescription. Get started now! You can consult a Canadian doctor online at pocketpills.
Our physicians can prescribe medications online during your consultation. Once you receive a prescription, you'll have the option to have it delivered to your door in discreet packaging and at no additional cost!. Click here to get an online prescription today! You should stop taking this medicine if any such symptoms occur, and consult with your doctor before resuming the treatment to avoid worsening of these effects. You should know about the things that you should avoid while taking this medicine and other things that might affect how your body will process this medication.
Long-term use of this medicine can result in dependency. Stop using MAO inhibitors at least 14 days before taking this medication. If you have a history of mental problems like depression or bipolar disorder, then avoid this drug as it can cause you to have unusual thoughts or behavior. Quick View Quick View. Compare Compare.
Add to wishlist. Adderall 10mg Rated 4. Adderall Adderall 15mg Rated 5. But no luck!! Also, OTC Adderall might serve your purpose but it is dangerous to choose this option as it is completely illegal.
Some good alternatives for Adderall are available in the market but they do not possess the efficiency of Adderall. In case, they are good, they would have restrictions imposed on them. This does not prove that they are incapable to treat for ADHD symptoms.
Their efficiency comes out with either time or research. This criterion varies from one drug to another.
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