Aristotle: Poetics Chapter 4. Periander was tyrant of Corinth. The Corinthians say and the Lesbians agree that the greatest wonder in his life was the voyage of Arion of Methymna to Taenarum on a dolphin.
He was a kitharode second to none at that time and the first of men whom we know to have composed the dithyramb and named it and produced it in Corinth. Herodotus I. Arion, of Methymna The Suda lexicon. Pindar says the dithyramb was discovered in Corinth.
The inventor of the song Aristotle calls Arion. He first led the circular chorus. Proculus, Chrest. The first performance of tragedy was introduced by Arion of Methymna, as Solon said in his Elegies. Charon of Lampsacus says that drama was first produced at Athens by Thespis. John the Deacon, Commentary on Hermogenes.
I must not omit to explain that [the tyrant] Cleisthenes picked on Melanippus as the person to introduce into Sicyon, because he was a bitter enemy of Adrastus, having killed both Mecistes, his brother, and Tydeus his son-in-law. After settling him in his new shrine, he transferred to him the religious honors of sacrifice and festival which had previously been paid to Adrastus. The people of Sicyon had always regarded Adrastus with great reverence, because the country had once belonged to Polybus, his maternal grandfather, who died without an heir and bequeathed the kingdom to him.
One of the most important of the tributes paid him was the tragic chorus, or ceremonial dance and song, which the Sicyonians celebrated in his honor; normally, the tragic chorus belongs to the worship of Dionysus; but in Sicyon it was not so -- it was performed in honor of Adrastus, treating his life-story and sufferings.
Cleisthenes, however, changed this: he transferred the choruses to Dionysus, and the rest of the ceremonial to Melanippus.
Herodotus V. Stories trying to explain why, if tragedy originated from Dithyrambs sung in honor of Dionysus, not all tragedies were about Dionysus "Nothing to do with Dionysus": ouden pros ton Dionuson. When Phrynichus and Aeschylus developed tragedy to include mythological plots and disasters, it was said, "What has this to do with Dionysus? Nothing to do with Dionysus. When, the choruses being accustomed from the beginning to sing the dithyramb to Dionysus, later poets abandoned this custom and began to write "Ajaxes" and "Centaurs".
Therefore the spectators said in joke, "Nothing to do with Dionysus. Zenobius V. When Epigenes the Sicyonian made a tragedy in honor of Dionysus, they made this comment; hence the proverb. A better explanation: Originally when writing in honor of Dionysus they competed with pieces which were called satyric. Later they changed to the writing of tragedy and gradually turned to plots and stories in which they had no thought for Dionysus. Hence this comment.
Chamaeleon writes similarly in his book on Thespis. From when Thespis the poet first acted, who produced a play in the city and the prize was a goat Marmor Parium, under the year about BC.
This is Thespis, who first moulded tragic song, inventing new joys for his villagers, when Bacchus led the wine-smeared? The young change all this. Length of time will discover many new things. But mine is mine. Dioscorides, Anth. The unknown poetry of the tragic Muse Thespis is said to have discovered and to have carried poems on wagons, which they sang and acted, their faces smeared with wine-lees.
Horace, Ars Poetica As of old tragedy formerly the chorus by itself performed the whole drama and later Thespis invented a single actor to give the chorus a rest and Aeschylus a second and Sophocles a third, thereby completing tragedy Diogenes Laertius III.
Greek plays were either comedies or tragedies. Tragedies were often about the past, whereas comedies tended to be about current and everyday life.
Actors in comedies wore bright colours. Actors in tragedies wore dark colours. Follow me on Twitter mbarrow. The City of Dionysia play festival in Athens was held annually at the end of March and ran over the course of several days, where plays were presented before large audiences.
It was both a civic and religious festival; a community not commercial event. The festival was organised by the principal civic magistrate of Athens. Prizes were awarded to winning playwrights in tragedy and comedy. While there was likely a number of playwrights in ancient Greek theatre, the play festivals were dominated by just three writers of tragedy and two writers of comedy. Aeschylus c. He is often described as the father of tragedy.
Sophocles c. He introduced a third actor, allowing for even more complex dramatic situations on stage. Oedipus The King is often considered by theatre historians as the perfect tragedy.
Euripides c. He reduced the role of the chorus in his plays. Aristophanes c. Menander c. He is often regarded as the father of Western philosophy. A mechane, or crane, located at the right end of the stage, was used to hoist gods and heroes through the air onto the stage.
Greek dramatists surely made the most of the extreme contrasts between the gods up high and the actors on stage, and between the dark interior of the stage building and the bright daylight. Little is known about the origins of Greek tragedy before Aeschylus ca.
His earliest surviving work is Persians , which was produced in B. The roots of Greek tragedy, however, most likely are embedded in the Athenian spring festival of Dionysos Eleuthereios, which included processions, sacrifices in the theater, parades, and competitions between tragedians.
The protagonist and the chorus portrayed the heroes who were the object of cult in Attica in the fifth century B. Often, the dialogue between the actor and chorus served a didactic function, linking it as a form of public discourse with debates in the assembly. To this day, drama in all its forms still functions as a powerful medium of communication of ideas. Unlike the Greek tragedy, the comic performances produced in Athens during the fifth century B.
There seems to have been no limit to speech or action in the comic exploitation of sex and other bodily functions. Terracotta figurines and vase paintings dated around and after the time of Aristophanes —ca. In the second half of the fourth century B. In many ways comedy became simpler and tamer, with very little obscenity. Subtle differentiation of masks worn by the actors paralleled the finer delineation of character in the texts of New Comedy, which dealt with private and family life, social tensions, and the triumph of love in a variety of contexts.
Hemingway, Colette.
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