The holding of the first non racial elections was the culmination of years of struggle and a negotiated settlement which led to the unbanning of the liberation organisations, the release of political prisoners and the return of exiles and the formal all party negotiations which drafted an interim constitution. The moment which changed the path of South African history came after long and tension-ridden negotiations held between and President Thabo Mbeki.
The election paved the way towards a new democratic dispensation and a new constitution for the country. The elections took place in a peaceful and festive atmosphere, though there were threats of political violence. The election was won by the ANC with The National Party NP received Wherever South Africans are across the globe, our hearts beat as one, as we renew our common loyalty to our country and our commitment to its future.
The birth of our South African nation has, like any other, passed through a long and often painful process. The ultimate goal of a better life has yet to be realised. On this day, you, the people, took your destiny into your own hands.
Countries come together on this day to collaborate on statistical management and dedicate more effort to the process of gathering statistics. Antonio Guterres said the Glasgow negotiations 'very probably' will not yield the carbon-cutting pledges needed to keep the planet from warming beyond 1. To attain an optimal value of ecosystem services, ecological infrastructure is key. Johnson told the summit that humanity had run down the clock when it comes to climate change, and the time for action is now.
Firstpost Conversations 9 Months S. Representational image. In Surat, the bacteria-causing plague had started spreading through air that later led to the pneumonic strain, he explained. Despite the relatively low number of deaths 52 according to official records , the spread of misinformation caused panic among people.
Just how coronavirus has now triggered panic-buying of masks and hand sanitisers , news about the plague outbreak then saw people hoarding tetracycline, an antibiotic used to treat a number of infections. Also read: Seasonal flu far more common than coronavirus, but its vaccine is not popular in India.
NICA also said the same thing. Pseudomonas pseudomallei is a type of soil-dwelling bacteria that can be fatal for humans. It was only after the plague died that the government constituted a Technical Advisory Committee in October to investigate the outbreak. Ganguly, who was a professor at PGIMER Chandigarh at the time, travelled to many affected districts along with Ramalingaswamy to collect samples and find out what was happening.
We had to track down people who knew about the past outbreak. Ganguly also says the Technical Advisory Committee had come under fire for allegedly misleading people about the disease and creating panic. It was months before scientists and researchers could conclusively determine the strain of bacteria that had caused the plague. According to a report in the Lancet , the Surat plague was caused by a novel bacterial strain of Yersinia pestis , which was unlike any known Indian strains.
This transformation is credited to then municipal commissioner S. Rao who brought a slew of changes, including cracking down on corruption and bureaucratic apathy. The city was divided into six divisions and the director of planning in each division had powers of a municipal commissioner to take decisions. Surat quickly transformed, as illegal constructions were taken down without paying heed to political influence enjoyed by the contractors.
Drains were covered, pay-and-use toilets introduced in slums and markets, and fines levied for littering. Daily review meetings were also held by officials to discuss progress and further plans.
Those found avoiding their duties were asked to resign. Disciplinary action was taken against 1, corporation employees, right from sweepers to senior officers. With better financial management and without any external aid — neither from the state nor central governments — the city was able to improve tax collection and spend of projects too. The biggest difference was seen in the return of residents who had fled the city a year earlier.
Also read: India has only 2, pulmonologists — not enough to deal with coronavirus-like outbreaks. Primary health workers today make door-to-door visit of households every two weeks to ask if residents have had fever. They also test suspects for malaria, dengue, chikungunya and filariasis. Thanks to its active surveillance, cases of malaria have dropped from 21, in to in After the floods, deaths due to leptospirosis have also reduced by half from what they were in This is why public health cannot be dealt with by the health department alone but in collaboration with engineering, water supply, civil works departments etc.
The daily monitoring of diseases like diarrhoea prepares city officials for a possible outbreak and take preventive action, Desai says. It looks at larger issues related to climate change such as helping the city deal with floods and extreme heat while also looking at non-communicable diseases and mental health concerns. From being one of the filthiest cities that led to the plague, Surat was judged the third-cleanest in
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